Research Paper

Can Government-to-Person Payment Partnerships Increase Financial Inclusion?

Industry partnerships to deliver government payments may help bring more people into the banking system – but we need to learn more about them first.

By Hannah Gdalman, Heidi Johnson

Friday, October 27, 2023
 Can Government-to-Person Payment Partnerships Increase Financial Inclusion?

Exploring the Potential of Government-to-Person Payments

Black and Latinx people in America are much less likely to be Financially Healthy than White people – a gap that many banks have publicly committed to closing.1 But while banks provide access to a range of services that can help people build financial health, similar disparities exist among the 6 million people in America who are unbanked, meaning they lack access to a checking or savings account. Around 1 in 10 Black or Hispanic households are unbanked, compared with just 2% of White households.2

Partnerships between banks, fintechs, and governments to deliver government-to-person payments (referred to as G2P payment partnerships) may help bridge these gaps by bringing people into the banking system to receive and manage payments. Yet key questions remain about their effectiveness in fostering inclusion and their feasibility for financial institutions. To help both providers and advocates understand whether to invest in these partnerships, our research identifies key areas for further exploration.

What Is a G2P Payment?

Government-to-person (G2P) payments in the U.S. originate at both the federal and state government level and largely consist of social safety net benefits and other tax and wage payments from the government to an individual.3 Examples include the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), unemployment insurance, income tax refunds, and Social Security payments.

Key Findings

Woman doing home finances and using mobile phone

Historically disadvantaged communities in the U.S. are significantly more likely to be unbanked, and G2P payments could help facilitate financial inclusion.

using mobile app to deposit a check

Innovative G2P payment partnerships with fintech companies may provide banks with further opportunities to overcome barriers to financial inclusion.

two women in the office going over data

There are several areas that require further study and testing to understand the full potential of these partnerships.

Questions for the Field

Explore our full report to dive deeper into the major questions and key learning opportunities around G2P payment partnerships.

    • Financial inclusion impact: Do G2P payment partnerships address key barriers to financial inclusion?
    • Feasibility for bank partners: Are G2P payment partnerships a sustainable way for banks to pursue their financial inclusion objectives?
    • The government perspective: What is the feasibility of financial inclusion partnerships for government agencies?
    • Market opportunities: Where within the G2P payments ecosystem do the most promising opportunities for financial inclusion exist?

Spotlight Learning Opportunity

Key Question: Do G2P payment partnerships increase engagement with formal banking services, including, but not limited to, transaction accounts?

Learning Opportunity: Research could focus on collecting key engagement metrics that result from offering G2P payment recipients access to financial services through a targeted pilot partnership. For example, administrative data collected via a financial institution partner could look at changes to engagement resulting from G2P payment recipients being offered an option to open an account with the partner.

Our Supporter

This report is made possible through the generous support of Wells Fargo.


Endnotes
  1. Andrew Dunn, Andrew Warren, Necati Celik, & Wanjira Chege, “Financial Health Pulse® 2022 U.S. Trends Report,” Financial Health Network, September 2022.
  2. 2021 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households,” Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), October 2022.
  3. Social assistance programs that do not distribute direct payments to recipients, such as free or reduced school lunch, Medicaid/Medicare, or reduced rental subsidies, are excluded from this review.

Written by

  • Hannah Gdalman
    Manager, Financial Services Solutions
    Financial Health Network
  • Heidi Johnson
    Senior Director, Behavioral Economics
    Financial Health Network

Can Government-to-Person Payment Partnerships Increase Financial Inclusion?

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